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Tag Archives: Legitimism

“Carlism in the Kingdom of Naples” reviewed by Giovanni di Napoli

01 Sunday Jun 2025

Posted by Matthew Scarince in Christendom

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Carlism, Giovanni di Napoli, Il Regno, Legitimism, localism, Patriotism, Politics, Two Sicilies

Over on the website Il Regno, Giovanni di Napoli has published an excellent review and summary of an essay by Gianandrea de Antonellis entitled “A Concrete Case: Carlism in the Kingdom of Naples.” Di Napoli’s review translates and highlights some of the major points connecting the political tradition of Spanish Carlism to the historical Kingdom of Naples (the mainland possessions of the Kingdom of Sicily). When the call went out from Rome for the support of the Sicilian Kingdom against the piratical invasion and oppression of loyalists following the “unification of Italy” in 1861, veterans of the armies of the Carlist Wars answered the call. Most notable among them were General José Borjes, who lost his life in the conflict, and General Rafael Tristany, who was fated to die in exile far from his Catalonian homeland. De Antonellis highlights four essential pillars of Carlist ideology that also formed the socio-political basis for the Neapolitan Kingdom.

The first of these is Catholicism, as in Di Napoli’s words, “historically essential to Neapolitan identity.” An understanding of religion not only as a guiding principle for political life, but permeating the soil, illuminating and extending outwards the love of the village, from the countryside, through the great institutions of the political realm, and to the community of peoples bound together by a common Faith. Thus as De Antonellis explains,

Importantly, love for one’s homeland does not compete with the patriotism of others. Nationalism, on the other hand, does create rivalry—French vs. Germans, Northern Italians vs. Neapolitans, etc. True patriotism is different: one who loves their homeland sees a kindred spirit in someone who loves theirs, just like someone who deeply loves their own mother respects others who love theirs.

This intertwining of Patriotism and Religion leads naturally to the upholding of both natural and particular rights, which in turn bolster the rule of law against the vicissitudes of purely positivistic regimes. These three principles of Catholicism, patriotism, and localism (Dios, Patria, and Fueros in Carlist parlance) come together in the active defense of the institutions of Legitimate Government. De Antonellis writes of “two aspects” of Legitimacy, “origin and exercise.” These aspects will undoubtedly be familiar to any disciples of the “Austrian School” of Legitimist thought, referenced by Dr. Zeßner-Spitzenberg as legitima institutio and iustitiæ moderatio: lawful institution and the guiding principle of justice.

I would highly recommend di Napoli’s review and translation of “Carlism in the Kingdom of Naples” to readers of this site, as it touches on elements of the Legitimist tradition that I cannot present with the deserved attention in such a short post. Both the review and the article end with a strong rebuke to those who would renounce the Iberian period of Neapolitan history as a sterile backwater devoid of cultural value. On the contrary, the period of Viceroyalty, though troubled in many ways, was a period of great cultural dynamism and advancement, not least in the political tradition that one can rightfully call the crowning achievement of the Western World.

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“It happens to Peoples as well as to Individuals” – Il Guelfo: Journal of Independence for the Mezzogiorno, August 2, 1910

19 Friday Jan 2024

Posted by Matthew Scarince in Christendom

≈ 3 Comments

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Civilization, History, Kingdom of Two Sicilies, Legitimism, Legitimist, Nicola Montalbo

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By Nicolà Montalbò

Translated by M.T. Scarince 

It happens to peoples as well as to individuals… 

When by the influence of malicious agent one has fallen into a state of torpor, atrophy, and despondency, which makes one rebellious against every noble and generous initiative –apathetic and indifferent to everything around– and lose knowledge of one’s state, in no condition to distinguish the true from the false, the good from the evil, it sometimes happens that, for one reason or another, by some intrinsic or extrinsic force a certain shock takes place in the organism. Then the torpor comes to an end and a remarkable reaction overtakes the individual. Excitement succeeds atrophy, lethargy is replaced by impulsiveness, indeed, insomnia. And if during the period of organic numbness, the feelings of honor and self-esteem have not been totally lost the waking individual feels horror of himself and the life he has lived to that point, and gives himself to repairing his past.

Thus it is with peoples: In a moment of unconsciousness or under the nightmare of deceptive mirages, a people can fall into a lethargic state and become prey to the first daring and reckless rogue who happens to know how to take advantage of a state of daze or torpor, to impose a heavy yoke on them, to dishearten and debase them, to crush with the iron foot every vestige of freedom and stifle every cry for independence. As long as the lethargic state lasts and atony invades the fibers of the organism of that people, the rogues succeed: the pain of wounds is not felt nor the shame of vituperation. But if the awakening takes place, if the fibers are shaken and the nerves shudder, the people regain consciousness of themselves and their worth, raise their heads, shake off the yoke, invoke their rights, claim their freedoms, drive out the rogues, reclaim their independence, return to those who are the highest expression of this independence, its brightest symbols; invoke those who with freedom and independence can restore their peace, prosperity, and splendor.

Such is the state of our people today: this our Mezzogiorno of Italy, which is awakening from its long torpor and is regaining awareness of its value, of its rights.

In vain do professional enchanters resort to their arts, their spells, to put him to sleep once again; in vain they prepare new soporifics for him with rejoicings and commemorative parties, with madness and revelry, with lying and deceitful re-enactments.

It’s worse: their cacophony hurts him, increases the tension of his nerves, produces new shocks, new abhorrence of the current state of things: the present is there, before his eyes, in all its horror; the past is placed before his mind in all its enticements, in its radiant brightness of all the goods, of all the riches, of all the happiness that the Glorious Dynasty of Charles III brought to our lands.

From this dynasty, which for one hundred and twenty-six years made the joys and sorrows of the southern people of Italy its own and gave it all of itself, is the worthy heir and descendant His Excellency the Count of Caserta Don Alfonso Maria of Bourbon, for whom August 2 marks his Name Day.

Not with the fluttering of flags unfurled in the wind, nor with cannon shots echoing over the sea of Parthenope and along the valleys and slopes of burning Vesuvio, nor in the thousand little flames seen from the windows and balconies of the homes of our Naples but in the hearts the people of the South we celebrate this day.  

This is a celebration entirely of sentiment, respectful love, profound devotion, dear memories, and immense admiration for the sublime civil and military virtues, for the excellent qualities of mind and heart that adorn the person of the august Head of the Royal House of Naples. This celebration today and our best wishes for his health and for his happiness come from our hearts. Our thoughts fly to him, mindful of a past of homeland glories and greatness, and on him, on his Royal Consort, on the entire Royal Family we implore blessings and favors from God and the cessation of the evils that afflict our native land.

Legitimacy and Legality Part II: A Brief Outline of the System 1.-4.

17 Tuesday Aug 2021

Posted by Matthew Scarince in Christendom

≈ 4 Comments

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Authority, Hans Karl von Zessner-Spitzenberg, Legality, Legitimacy, Legitimism, Politics

Zessner_Spitzenberg

By Dr. Hans Karl von Zeßner-Spitzenberg

Translated by M. T. Scarince

Translator’s note: This is the second part in a series of posts translating the work of Austrian Legitimist philosopher Hans Karl Freiherr von Zeßner-Spitzenberg (1885-1938), an active member of the Kaiser-Karl-Gebetsliga and a martyr for the cause of Austrian independence from the National Socialist occupation. Read Part I, Part III, Part IV.

For the purposes of this work, the following system is briefly outlined:

1. Morality and Public Law

Public powers and public legal systems are also essentially subject to the same moral principles and stand within the framework of the same Divine world order as private rights, powers and authorities. Here also, human beings are their bearers, responsible for their institution and exercise. Here also, we are dealing with the powers of individuals or entire communities in the fulfillment of a profession, which, like every profession, must serve (after God’s glory) not only the beneficiary himself or the community which he serves, but also the good of his fellow men.

Indeed, the power-competence in this case is necessarily more strongly directed towards authoritative ordering power of the rights of others than it is elsewhere, on account of the main goal of public order; here also it is only within the framework of the Eternal order, which protects and recognizes the appropriate vested rights and inviolable jurisdiction of individuals. From the moral point of view, therefore, public law can be distinguished from private law in these matters only in its object and in its particular purpose, but not in general demands and basic attitudes.

Continue reading →

Legitimacy and Legality Part I: The Introduction

17 Tuesday Aug 2021

Posted by Matthew Scarince in Christendom

≈ 3 Comments

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Austria, christendom, Hans Karl von Zessner-Spitzenberg, House of Habsburg, Legitimacy, Legitimism

Zessner_Spitzenberg

By Dr. Hans Karl von Zeßner-Spitzenberg

Translated by M. T. Scarince

Translator’s note: This is the first part in a series of posts translating the work of Austrian Legitimist philosopher Hans Karl Freiherr von Zeßner-Spitzenberg (1885-1938), an active member of the Kaiser-Karl-Gebetsliga and a martyr for the cause of Austrian independence from the National Socialist occupation. Read Part II, Part III, Part IV.

True Power lies in Justice

-Klemens Metternich

The law of hereditary succession of European rulers according to the indisputable Rule of Primogeniture is the first amongst all conceived earthly guarantees of any success at all, the foundation of the Legitimacy of all the rest of just relations, thus of national fortune: its violation in a single State is a universal calamity for all co-existing States.

-Adam Heinrich Müller

Condemned: The injustice of an act when successful inflicts no injury on the sanctity of right. It is lawful to refuse obedience to legitimate princes, and even to rebel against them.

-Theses 61 and 63 of the Syllabus of Pius IX

 According to the Catholic social conception, the nature of sovereignty appears most clearly when it is familial, that is to say, when the family is its bearer and the family stands as the sponsor of the body politic. As in the family other rights will be imparted through hereditary inheritance from generation to generation, so in this case also sovereignty. That family, which bears the spirit of the State, or who— as was the case especially in Austria— even created it, gain the hereditary right to preserve it. Nowhere does this appear more obviously than in the development and continuation of the multi-national monarchy of the House of Austria. Continue reading →

Brief Reflection on Localist Legitimism

19 Tuesday May 2020

Posted by Matthew Scarince in Christendom, HRM Archive

≈ 3 Comments

Tags

Coronavrius, Kingdom of Two Sicilies, Legitimism, Legitimist, localist legitimism, Politics

Enrico Fratangelo, mayor of Castellino del Biferno in Mulise, is not a legitimist. He acts as a loyal public servant of the Republic of Italy and as he says he “sang the anthem of Italy at the top of my voice.” But in the past few months, due to the Coronavirus pandemic and subsequent crisis, Fratangelo is praticing what can only be called localist legitimist politics. He has begun printing money called ducati, bearing the Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies, images of Our Lady or the Saints, and bearing the inscription:

“Flourishing and Peaceful community of the Kingdom of Naples, County of Molise, land of Workers and of Patriots called Brigands. From 1861, land of unemployment and emigration.”

Continue reading →

The Paradox of Metternich: A Dialogue

15 Thursday Mar 2018

Posted by Matthew Scarince in Christendom

≈ 9 Comments

Tags

dialogue, Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn, feudalism, Klemens Fürst von Metternich, Legitimism, Neo-Metternichian Movement, Reaction, Rightism

Or let us take the Metternich regime in Central Europe. Basically it had a rightist character, but having been born in conscious opposition to the French Revolution it had-as so often tragically happens-learned too much from the enemy. True, it never became totalitarian, but it assumed authoritarian features and aspects which must be called leftist, as for instance the elaborate police system based on espionage, informers, censorship, and controls in every direction.

-Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn, Leftism 

Metternichian Theory

The Hapsburg Restorationist: I see what you are trying to do here, and appreciate it. However, if I may offer this criticism, the Neo-Metternichian movement neither reaches far back enough into the past, nor looks far ahead enough into the future. The “First-and-a-Half Reich” of Metternich only superficially resembles the original, and kept few of the eternal principles which served as the foundation of the first. And its flaws are not only that the Holy Alliance was a poor substitute for the Holy Empire. Its main weakness is mainly in the fact that it is a “reaction” and not a response. It is defined not only by its opposition to 19th century “liberalism”, but by its adherence to 19th century “anti-liberalism”, and thus bound to the circumstances of the 19th century.

Continue reading →

S. Mauritius

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